Operators are represented by special characters or keywords; they do not use function call syntax. An operator manipulates any number of data inputs, also called operands, and returns a result.
Arithmetic operators
- Addition: +
- Subtraction: -
- Division: /
- Multiplication: *
Comparison operators
- =
- !=
- >
- >=
- <
- <=
The operands on both sides of the comparison operators must of the same type: text, number or boolean.
Logical operators
Logical operators return true, false, or null. Looker Studio supports the AND, OR, IN, IS NULL, and NOT operators.
AND / OR
Use AND and OR to create expressions with multiple input values. Use parentheses to group conditions and force order of precedence, if needed.
IS NULL
Returns true if the input field is empty or null.
Syntax
field IS NULL
Parameters
field—the dimension or metric to evaluate.Examples
| Field contains | Formula | Results |
|---|---|---|
| a | Field IS NULL | false |
|
|
Field IS NULL | true |
More on NULL
Unless otherwise specified, all operators return NULL when one of the operands is NULL.
NULL is different from the empty string (""). Whereas trying to use the empty string in arithmetic generally produces an error, using NULL returns the null value:
1+NULL = NULL
1*NULL = NULL
1/NULL = NULL
etc.
On the other hand, while you can concatenate values with the empty string, the result of concatenating any value with NULL is the null value:
CONCAT("A", "", "B") = "AB"
CONCAT("A", NULL, "B") = null
IN
Returns true if the input field contains any of the the listed values. Both the field and list values must be of the same type. IN matches complete values and is case-sensitive. For partial value or case insensitive matching, use REGEXP_MATCH.
Syntax
field IN (value1, value2, ... valueN)
Parameters
field—the dimension or metric to evaluate.value1,value2,...valueN—the values to look for.Examples
| Field contains | Field type | Formula | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bob | Text | Field IN ('Bob', 'Alice') | true |
| Alice | Text | Field IN ('Bob', 'Alice') | true |
| Jorge | Text | Field IN ('Bob', 'Alice') | false |
| 20 | Number | Field IN (10, 20) | true |
| 10 | Number | Field IN (10, 20) | true |
| 100 | Number | Field IN (10, 20) | false |
| Bob | Text | Field IN ('Bob', 20) | error (because Field is text but 20 is a number. To fix this, put "20" in quotes.) |
NOT
Negates input expressions.
Examples
| Formula | Results |
IF(2+2=4,"YES","NO") |
YES |
IF(NOT 2+2=4,"YES","NO") |
NO |
"abc" IN ("abc") |
true |
"abc" NOT IN ("abc") |
false |